Bougainvillea

Fertilizing

During the growing season (spring and summer), apply solid organic fertilizer monthly or liquid fertilizer weekly for optimal growth and flowering. Switch to a higher phosphorus fertilizer at the start of growing season to promote blooming. In winter, reduce fertilization frequency to every two weeks. Always water thoroughly before applying fertilizer to prevent root burn and ensure even nutrient distribution.

Placement

Position your Bougainvillea bonsai in full sun with at least 5-6 hours of direct sunlight daily, preferably in a south-facing location. During hot summers, provide afternoon shade to prevent leaf burn. Being a tropical plant, it requires protection from frost - bring indoors or into a greenhouse when temperatures drop, maintaining temperatures between 50-59°F (10-15°C). Ensure good air circulation while avoiding strong drafts that can damage foliage or dry out the soil too quickly.

Pruning

Perform major pruning in early spring before the growing season begins to allow vigorous recovery. Cut shoots after flowering, leaving two leaves on each branch. Don't over-prune during summer if you want flowers, as Bougainvillea blooms on new growth. For larger cuts, especially on the trunk, use cut paste as these heal slowly. When shaping, maintain proper thinning to allow light and air circulation, reducing disease risk.

The plant can bud from old wood after hard pruning, but use caution when wiring as older branches are stiff and break easily. Remember to protect yourself from the thorns during maintenance. For optimal flowering, avoid excessive pinching and trimming during the summer months, as this can reduce blooming potential.

Repotting

Repot younger Bougainvilleas every 2-3 years, while larger specimens can go 3-5 years between repottings. Use a well-draining standard soil mix. The optimal time for repotting is early spring as the plant emerges from dormancy. The roots are yellow, thin, and delicate - take extra care when removing the rootball and untangling roots. Avoid aggressive root rake use, though root pruning is generally well-tolerated.

Watering

Water thoroughly when the soil surface becomes dry, but avoid constant soil wetness which can lead to root rot and other problems. The species prefers a pH of 6-6.5, so avoid highly calcareous water. Adjust watering frequency based on climate and season - daily in hot summer months, less frequently in cooler seasons. Check moisture by inserting your finger about an inch into the soil. Consider using rainwater or filtered water if your tap water is hard to prevent mineral buildup.

References

Bonsai Empire - Bougainvillea Care Guide Bonsaiable - Complete Bougainvillea Bonsai Guide